Hydrates and Molecular Compounds

Hydrates

• some compounds can actually form lattices that bond to water molecules. some examples of these are copper sulfate and sodium sulfate.(without water the compound is often preceded by -anhydrous)
• these crystals contain water inside them which can be released by heating.

Naming Hydrates

1. write the name if the chemical formula
2. add a prefix indicating the number of water molecules
3. add hydrate after the prefix

ex/ Cu(SO4) . 5H20(s) = copper(II) sulfate-pentahydrate

nickel(II) sulfate - hexahydrate = Ni(SO4) . 6H2O(s)

..(keep in mind that if an element ends in -ic it is referring to the larger charge and when the element ends in -ous it is referring to the smaller charge)

here is a simple website you could use to test and practice your understanding!

Molecular Compounds

• composed of 2 or more non-metals
• low melting and boiling points
• share electrons rather than exchange
• usually end in -gen(hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen)
• 7 molecules are diatomic(H2, N2, 02, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2)
• 2 molecules are polyatomic(P4, S8)

Examples/ N204 - dinitrogen tetraoxide

SC2 - carbon disulfate

sulfur dibromide - SBr2

dihydrogen exide(water) - H2O

Here is a list of Molecular Compounds that have their own very special names..

IUPAC Formula

water H20

hydrogen peroxide H2O2

ammonia NH3

glucose C6H12O6

sucrose C12H22O11

methane CH4

ethane C2H6

propane C3H8

octane C8H18

methanol CH3OH

ethanol C2H5OH

here is another website where you can read more about molecular compounds and practice your understanding!

OR if you're not into the website thing.. here's a quick video!


Enjoy! :)