Acids and Bases

Today we started off with some fascinating experiments! One of note was when we combined sugar and sulfuric acid which produced carbon and water. here is a video summarizing what happened:

the equation is:
C12H22O11(s) → 12 C(s) + 11 H2O(aq)

We also learned about acids and bases.

Acids
- solid liquid or gas at SATP - Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure
- form conducting aqueous solutions
- turn blue litmus red
- dissolve in water to produce H⁺
- Tastes sour
- PH of less than 7

Bases
- turn red litmus blue
- slippery
- nonconductive
-dissolve in water to produce OH^-
- PH of more than 7

here are some common acids and bases you can find around your home:


Naming Acids
- Acids are aquaeous (dissolved in water)
- Hydrogen compounds are acids
- HCl_(aq) ---> hydrochloric acid
- H₂SO_4(aq) --> Sulfuric Acid
- Hydrogen appears first in the formula unless it is part of a polyatomic group.
-CH₃COOH ----> acetic acid
(aka C₂H₄O₄ but usually appears in the first form as that is how it is structured: )

HI_(aq) Hydro Iodic Acid
notes: the "ic" replaces the "ide" ending in iodide, hydrogen is added and the 'gen' is dropped

- Classical rules use the suffix -ic and/or the prefix hydro-
- eg. sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid

- IUPAC system uses the aquaeous hydrogen compound
- eg. HCl_(aq) ---> Aquaeous Hydrogen Chloride

Naming Bases
- For now, all bases will be aquaeous solutions of ionic hydroxides.
eg. NaOH - sodium hydroxide, BaOH₂- Barium Hydroxide
- Use the cation name followed by hydroxide (see above)

INTERESTING FACT: the "ous" in nitrous acid HNO_2(aq) means that this unit has "the smaller #) of oxygens in the polyatomic ion.

To practice naming acids and bases, Click here!!!